Monday, November 9, 2009

Note on Critchley on Heidegger's Being and Time

(Photo: Cole Rise)


Being and Time is a negative book and every positive exposition ends up putting something which, in fact, cannot be put. A positum is that which is put, that on which a certain handful of tenets can be maintained. That is to say that doctrine can only be ontic, for the exposition itself implies that there is something on which discourse is all about. But Being and Time attempts to signal that which is not itself an entity, and this means that it necessarily consists in no doctrinal exposition.

This is grosso modo the plot of a text which appears in the horizon of twentieth-century philosophy avoiding the impression of being a book with contents. (Contents regarding what?). And this means that from the Heideggerian magnum opus a series of happy statements and apothegms cannot be deduced, because its task consists in signaling in entities (that Befragtes referred to in the consideration of the Seinsfrage’s formal structure, § 2), that which is never an entity; that non-entitative which the ontological tradition did, however, positivize and ontify, thus losing what supposedly was to be gained: an understanding of the meaning of being. The meaning of being is that which does not appear and which properly cannot appear because, whenever it is made relevant, it then goes unnoticed and it’s concealed ipso facto. This is why, contrary to what Critchley thinks (see the former post which provokes this reply), Heidegger does not say so carelessly that the ‘thesis’ he is holding in Being and Time can be summed up nicely in the utterance (extremely simple, according to Critchley): ‘being is time’.

One would rather stubbornly think that some Heidegger scholars, like Critchley, should confess that for a long time Being and Time’s prologue has simply been overlooked or rather not understood at all, because in that prologue it is stressed that the ensuing text will not provide any answers whatsoever. Rather we stumple upon the explicit purpose of the text: to work out the question of the meaning of being. And this explains why Heidegger, indeed, does not say what Critchley says he says, but just this: Our provisional aim is the interpretation of time as the possible horizon for any understanding whatsoever of being. That is to say: this aim has to be proved attainable within the book’s development and cannot at all be taken as supposed or already attained.

Heidegger proceeds quite cautiously, contrary to Critchley for whom much can be said, when contrariwise the positive stance is undermined in every page of the book. Being is not this nor that, neither what is beyond nor what is closer. It is, strictly speaking, no-thing. And this makes one understand why in Was ist Metaphysik? (1929) Heidegger does not hesitate to talk about working out the question of nothingness (ausarbeiten die Frage nach dem Nichts).

Critchley asserts that being is time; Heidegger affirms, however, that the connection between the intepretation of time and the understanding of being is just a provisional goal. And, as we all know, Being and Time (the projected work) remained a fragment.

Saturday, October 31, 2009

Call for Papers - Tolle Lege Second Issue



Tolle Lege. International Student Journal of Philosophy, is receiving right now manuscripts suitable for publication (articles, studies, discussions, book reviews and reports on philosophical events).

Contributions (which can be written in Spanish, Portuguese and English) can be about any philosophical topic or tradition but have to be authored solely by philosophy students. Papers that follow the submission guidelines are welcome and can be sent to our email as attachments:

tollelegerev@gmail.com


Tuesday, October 20, 2009

PhD Research Prospectus



My PhD research prospectus. I will come later with some comments on it:



Provisional contents (in English):


Prolegomena

Dimensions of Calculative Thinking

HISTORICAL PART

The Artificial Intelligence Research Project: The Story of Its Failure

First Chapter
The Very Idea of Artificial Intelligence

Second Chapter
The Limits of Artificial Intelligence: Hubert Dreyfus' Phenomenological Critique

Third Chapter
Suspicious Disciples: The Heideggerian AI-Researchers

PHENOMENOLOGICAL PART
Heidegger's Critique of the Primacy of the Theoretical

Fourth Chapter
The Phenomenological Problem of a Description of the Non-Objective

Fifth Chapter
The Posing of the Question of the Meaning of Being

Sixth Chapter
The Posing of the Question of Nothingness

Epilegomena
What is a Critique of Theoretical Reason?

Saturday, September 26, 2009

Critchley on Heidegger's 'Being and Time': The Guardian


Simon Critchley, professor at the Philosophy Department (New School for Social Research), has blogged for a while between june and july this year on Heidegger's Being and Time. These journalistic lectures are available on the British periodical The Guardian.

For now I will just signal the links leading to these lectures, but I will come back soon for comments. The links are the following:

Being and Time, Part 1: Why Heideggers Matters

Being and Time, Part 2: On 'Mineness'


Being and Time, Part 3: Being-in-the-World

Being and Time, Part 4: Thrown into this World

Being and Time, Part 5: Anxiety


Being and Time, Part 6: Death

Being and Time, Part 7: Conscience

Being and Time, Part 8: Temporality

Tolle Lege | Vol. 1 | No. 1 | September 2009


The first issue of Tolle Lege - International Student Journal of Philosophy has already appeared online.

The people working for Tolle Lege welcome articles by students of philosophy (papers in English will be also published), which can be submitted for consideration to the following direction:

tollelegerev@gmail.com


Wednesday, August 19, 2009

Thinking of Desert Against the Desert



Thinking of Desert Against the Desert :
Or Heidegger’s Non-Topical Approach to Die Sache Selbst


Jethro Masís

University of Costa Rica

***

“Wir suchen überall das Unbedigte, und finden immer nur Dinge”.
NOVALIS

Abstract. This paper deals with prolegomenal stances required for a proper understanding of the paradoxical nature of Heidegger’s Sein und Zeit. It shall be argued that Heidegger’s magnum opus does not inquire into the meaning of being in order to render an answer to the so called Seinsfrage. In fact, several answers have already been given traditionally, which are founded on the being/beings indifferentiation (being as God, substance, nature, subject, will and so forth), that is, being has been turned into a topic whilst it is essentially non-topical, for only an entity can be accounted for as topical or thematic. This is the reason why assessing Heidegger as the “thinker of being” can be misleading, if not overtly wrong, when by this is meant that being be conceived of as something that can be thematized.

The Task of Reading Nothingness

In §2 of Sein und Zeit (SZ henceforth), Heidegger has defined investigation – of course not any investigation, but the one he carries out in his major work and, in general, in the whole course of his thought – through the elucidation of the formal structure of the question of being. The question of the meaning of being, he says, must be raised anew (gestellt werden), that is to say, it is always a task of executive nature and whose procedural foundations are not to be left abandoned to the fortuitousness of supposition and obviousness. What does investigating (untersuchen) mean? Perhaps both investigating and asking belong to each other, and any investigation whatsoever entails a search which is implicit or supposed in its way of asking. But SZ, against what could be supposed or what is usually stated from the point of view of ‘philosophical public opinion,’ does not intent the task of raising the question of being. This means that Heidegger is not strictly an ontologist, mostly if by this is meant the philosophical task of definitely elucidating the categorial qualities of beings.

The latter, though, clearly deserves further explanations. Amongst them, the first one would be a warning: the way in which page one of SZ is understood shall be the basis of all subsequent assessment of the work. SZ opens up, not without some dramatic effects, with a “prologue in heaven” (pace H. Mörchen) . Plato’s Sophistes is quoted. Let us paraphrase: It is clear that we have always been familiar with the word ‘being’, with the notion of ‘that which is’, and with the meaning of this term. We know, or we think we know, what it means for something to be. But we find ourselves facing an impasse, an aporia, and an unsurmountable difficulty now that the time has come for us to inquire about what it means that something, precisely, is (cf. Soph. 246a, 4-5). Thereafter Heidegger exerts a move from entity (that which is) to being (the sense according to which something actually is) — which furthermore many times tends to go unnoticed — in stating two questions with their corresponding responses:

“Do we in our time have an answer to the question of what we really mean by the word ‘being’? Not at all. So it is fitting that we should raise anew the question of the meaning of Being. But are we nowadays even perplexed at our inability to understand the expression ‘Being’? Not at all. So first of all we must reawaken an understanding for the meaning of this question” (SZ, Prologue: 1).

From these two questions and their respective answers result some unusual features of the sort of investigation that Heidegger is deliberately concocting. One simply needs to notice that which our thinker states as the purpose of his treatise: to elaborate the question of the meaning of being. Something which immediately leads one to pose the question: To elaborate a question, that is, not to answer it? Isn’t this a rather insignificant aim which, in the end, shall leave us utterly empty — just like Jaspers describes the way he felt just after finishing the reading of SZ? We are facing a kind of investigation which shows very special features, for the explicit purpose of elaborating the question seems to suggest that SZ has a rare mission: to teach us how to ask. We must learn to pose the question of philosophy and, in connection to that, we must also learn to investigate it.

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